Steam sterilization quality tests explained: Bowie-Dick, Helix and vacuum leak
Air removal and steam penetration are proven daily with Bowie-Dick, Helix and vacuum leak tests. What each autoclave test detects and how often to run it.
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Hospital Autoclaves: Sizing a Central CSSD Steam Sterilizer
What a hospital autoclave actually is, how the load decides the chamber, and the site services that decide whether the install works.
Autoclave Water Quality and Scaling in South African Municipal Water
Hard water, scale and wet steam: what municipal water does to a steam generator, and why the vacuum pump and the boiler need different water.
SANS 347 vs PD 5500: Reading Pressure Vessel Standards on an Autoclave Quotation
Two different documents doing two different jobs. What each one certifies, and the paperwork a South African hospital should insist on.
Why the Bowie-Dick Test Fails, and What the Pattern Tells You
A failed Bowie-Dick is a signal, not a diagnosis. The causes in order of likelihood, and the checks that separate them.